The pineapple sugar apple – locally known as the “pineapple custard apple” – is among the most iconic specialty fruits of Taitung, a scenic county in southeastern Taiwan. It is cherished for its sweet, refreshing flavor, creamy texture, thick flesh, minimal seeds, and high nutritional value.

According to Zhang Jian, a seasoned farmer who cultivates approximately 5 hectares of both traditional and pineapple custard apple orchards in Taitung, the pineapple sugar apple from this region stands out due to its large "eyes," small seeds, and distinct pineapple-like aroma. Each fruit typically weighs between 700 to 800 grams, and with attentive care, can reach up to 1 kilogram. A bite into the fruit reveals the subtle pineapple flavor that inspired its name.

Taitung (Taiwan-China)'s pineapple sugar apples are widely exported to the United States, Canada, Europe, and South America. In Vietnam, they are primarily brought in as hand-carried goods and sold at prices ranging from USD 12 to 18 per kilogram.

"After Lunar New Year each year, we prune all branches to lower the tree height and encourage new shoots. While most regions harvest only once a year, Taitung’s unique geography and climate allow for two harvests annually. This contributes to the fruit’s chewy, aromatic, and flavorful qualities," said Zhang Jian.

About one month before harvest, farmers carefully wrap each fruit in paper bags to shield them from insects and fruit flies. To ensure food safety, pesticide spraying is halted once the bagging process begins. Although wild grass grows in the orchard, only mechanical mowing is used – no herbicides are applied.

Thanks to this clean and sustainable cultivation method, fruits picked directly from the orchard often have a sweeter, more intense flavor. This enhances the experience for visitors and provides greater value for farmers compared to wholesale distribution.

Agrotourism and experiential travel

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Mr. Zhang Jian cultivates approximately 5 hectares of pineapple sugar apple orchards.
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After the Lunar New Year, sugar apple trees are pruned.

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About a month before harvest, farmers wrap each fruit in paper bags to protect them from insects and fruit flies.
Visitors explore a pineapple sugar apple farm in Taitung to experience and learn about cultivation practices.

In recent years, many farms in Taitung have embraced agrotourism, opening their orchards to visitors interested in fruit picking and learning about cultivation techniques. This approach not only raises farmers' incomes but also enhances the cultural and educational value of the local agricultural industry.

Tourists typically flock to Taitung during the sugar apple harvest season, from December to April, to hand-pick fruit, make pineapple sugar apple jam or ice cream, and participate in organic farming activities. Several farms have built successful agricultural brands by promoting these immersive local experiences. On average, agrotourism services account for 30–40% of their annual revenue.

Zhang Jian, who manages 5 hectares of orchards, shared that in favorable weather years, profits can reach NT$300,000 per metric ton (approximately USD 10,000 per ton) after deducting all expenses.

Taiwan’s agricultural sector is known for its use of advanced production technologies, and pineapple sugar apple farming is no exception. Every stage – from seed selection, fertilization, irrigation, to harvest – follows either fully organic or semi-organic practices. Many farms use automated drip irrigation, biological fertilizers, and natural pest control systems. As a result, the fruit meets premium quality standards and complies with strict export requirements.

Taitung is home to numerous pineapple sugar apple farms, ranging from a few hectares to several dozen. Smallholder farmers have formed cooperatives to share knowledge, access agricultural financing, and jointly market their produce. Recent figures show that each hectare can yield between 12 to 20 metric tons annually, depending on farming techniques and weather conditions.

Local authorities regularly support growers through biotech transfer projects, soil analysis, and organic pest control initiatives. These government programs help improve productivity and quality while connecting farmers with export markets and international fairs to promote their products globally.

The harvest season from December to April is not only the best time to savor this tropical delicacy but also an ideal opportunity for travelers to discover Taitung’s spectacular landscapes of mountains and sea, while enjoying fruit straight from the source.

An Nhien